Four Knife-Edge Diffraction With Antenna Gain Model for Generic Blockage Modelling

With the recent adoption of millimeter-wave spectrum in cellular communications, deployment active antenna arrays and use beamforming become vital to compensate for increased path loss. However, directional high-frequency signals may suffer heavy attenuations due blockage effects. Therefore, modelling that adequately incorporates effects becomes increasingly relevant. We propose a Four Knife-Edge Diffraction with Gain (4KED-G) model, deterministic approach model broad applicability. The 4KED-G advances upon existing models its inclusion both angular gains diffraction from all four edges rectangular screen blocker, leading more general flexible compared widely accepted models. theoretically show proposed generalised strengths these models, while overcoming their shortcomings establishing applicability wider range scenarios. validate against known knife-edge specific